{"id":13800,"date":"2017-04-06T21:06:24","date_gmt":"2017-04-06T19:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/?p=13800"},"modified":"2017-04-18T14:07:15","modified_gmt":"2017-04-18T12:07:15","slug":"linux-logiciels-libres-services-libres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/?p=13800","title":{"rendered":"[Ressources] Linux, logiciels libres &#038; services libres"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.libre-en-fete.net\/2017\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-13851\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/banniere-3-2017.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"101\" height=\"202\" \/><\/a>Voici, comme \u00c3\u00a0 l&rsquo;accoutum\u00c3\u00a9e, les ressources que j&rsquo;ai s\u00c3\u00a9lectionn\u00c3\u00a9es et utilis\u00c3\u00a9es pour pr\u00c3\u00a9parer une s\u00c3\u00a9ance d&rsquo;animation autour de la d\u00c3\u00a9couverte des \u00ab\u00a0logiciels &amp; services libres et linux\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n J&rsquo;ai privil\u00c3\u00a9gi\u00c3\u00a9 les support graphiques et vid\u00c3\u00a9os autant que possible.<\/p>\n<p>Pour information, j&rsquo;avais souhait\u00c3\u00a9 inscrire cette action dans l&rsquo;initiative Nationale <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.libre-en-fete.net\/2017\/\">Libre en f\u00c3\u00aate 2017<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Au d\u00c3\u00a9part \u00c3\u00a9taient les logiciels libres&#8230;<\/h3>\n<h4>Mais qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un logiciel libre ?<\/h4>\n<p>Au fait le p\u00c3\u00a8re fondateur c&rsquo;est lui : <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Stallman\">Richard STALLMAN<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/stallmanoramix.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13840\" title=\"Dessin de Simon \u00c2\u00ab Gee \u00c2\u00bb Giraudot http:\/\/ptilouk.net CC by-sa\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/stallmanoramix.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/stallmanoramix.png 562w, https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/stallmanoramix-382x255.png 382w, https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/stallmanoramix-510x340.png 510w, https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/stallmanoramix-272x182.png 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Les fiches ci-apr\u00c3\u00a8s sont issues de la <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aldil.org\/les-activites\/les-projets\/les-fiches-libres\">collection de fiches libres de l&rsquo;ALDIL<\/a><\/strong> (Association Lyonnnaise de D\u00c3\u00a9veloppement du Logiciel Libre)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"yt-uix-expander-body\"><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fiche1-libertes-page-001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12785 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fiche1-libertes-page-001-590x835.jpg\" alt=\"Fiche libre ALDIL\" width=\"590\" height=\"835\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/copyleft_svg-2-e1491504890312.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13820  aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/copyleft_svg-2-e1491504890312-300x132.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"127\" height=\"56\" \/><\/a> Pour m\u00c3\u00a9moire <strong>le fameux \u00ab\u00a0copyleft\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> a initialement \u00c3\u00a9tait cr\u00c3\u00a9\u00c3\u00a9 pour prot\u00c3\u00a9ger ces 4 libert\u00c3\u00a9s. L&rsquo;auteur refuse donc que l&rsquo;\u00c3\u00a9volution possible de son travail soit accompagn\u00c3\u00a9e d&rsquo;une restriction du droit \u00c3\u00a0 la copie, \u00c3\u00a0 l&rsquo;\u00c3\u00a9tude, ou \u00c3\u00a0 de nouvelles \u00c3\u00a9volutions.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"yt-uix-expander-body\">Qui dit logiciels libres dit interop\u00c3\u00a9rabilit\u00c3\u00a9 et standard ouvert&#8230;<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/StandOuv-Aldill.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13811 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/StandOuv-Aldill-590x839.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"839\" \/><\/a>&gt;&gt; Une petite vid\u00c3\u00a9o pour synth\u00c3\u00a9tiser tout \u00c3\u00a7a ! <br \/>\n <em>Au passage merci \u00c3\u00a0 Faycel CHAOUA pour <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCeR7daHVBz6sk0Yf6YVTcLQ\">sa chaine Youtube<\/a> pleine de ressources que je vous conseille de visiter \ud83d\ude09<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"C2i - Mon ordinateur dans le nuage : [M5] 2 - Les logiciels libres\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aeYHjr8JW6k?feature=oembed&#038;wmode=opaque\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h4>Puis se sont d\u00c3\u00a9velopp\u00c3\u00a9es les licences libres&#8230;<\/h4>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"C2i - Internet, les autres et moi [M9] 3 - Licences propri\u00e9taires vs licences libres ou ouvertes\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HVnUGLOSess?feature=oembed&#038;wmode=opaque\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Et en particulier les <strong>licences Creative Commons <br \/>\n <\/strong><em>(Source de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gCPUjzee7iA\">vid\u00c3\u00a9o<\/a>)<\/em><strong><br \/>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pr\u00e9sentation Creative Commons - CC-Kiwi VF\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gCPUjzee7iA?feature=oembed&#038;wmode=opaque\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&gt;&gt; Une petite image pour synth\u00c3\u00a9tiser tout \u00c3\u00a7a ! <br \/>\n <em>(source : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pearltrees.com\/brunetmarc\">pearltrees.com\/brunetmarc<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/licences.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13802 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/licences-590x834.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"834\" \/><\/a>Et linux dans tout \u00c3\u00a7a ?<\/h3>\n<p>Alors l\u00c3\u00a0 aussi il y a un p\u00c3\u00a8re fondateur, c&rsquo;est lui :\u00c2\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linus_Torvalds\">Linus Torvald<\/a> (et son copain Tux)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Tux-linux.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13830\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Tux-linux-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"195\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/FicheLinux-Aldill.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13813 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/FicheLinux-Aldill-590x844.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"844\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Un peu de\u00c2\u00a0d\u00c3\u00a9tails : C&rsquo;est quoi une distribution ?<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DistribLinux.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13832 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DistribLinux-590x322.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"322\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&gt;&gt; C&rsquo;est aussi une <strong>histoire d&rsquo;h\u00c3\u00a9ritage et de filiation<\/strong>&#8230;<br \/>\n La repr\u00c3\u00a9sentation ci-dessous est tr\u00c3\u00a8s simplifi\u00c3\u00a9e. Mais jetez un coup d&rsquo;oeil, par curiosit\u00c3\u00a9, \u00c3\u00a0 l&rsquo;<a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Debian_family_tree_11-06.png\">arbre g\u00c3\u00a9n\u00c3\u00a9alogique de la branche D\u00c3\u00a9bian,<\/a> \u00c3\u00a7a vaut le d\u00c3\u00a9tour !<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Filliation-Linux.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13833 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Filliation-Linux-590x590.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"590\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Alors o\u00c3\u00b9 trouver des logiciels libres ?<\/h2>\n<h4>Pour ne pas s&rsquo;\u00c3\u00a9parpiller, un portail d&rsquo;entr\u00c3\u00a9e \u00c3\u00a0 explorer : <a href=\"https:\/\/framasoft.org\">Framasoft.org<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Framasoft1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-13836\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Framasoft1-590x344.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"344\" \/><\/a>Les stars du \u00ab\u00a0Framaworld\u00a0\u00bb (ce n&rsquo;est que ma s\u00c3\u00a9lection d&rsquo;utilisateur agu\u00c3\u00a9ri&#8230;)<\/h4>\n<ul class=\"listeFramaTrucs col-md-12\">\n<li>Un annuaire de logiciels libres qui vient de faire peau neuve :\u00c2\u00a0 <strong><a class=\"bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/framalibre.org\/\">Framalibre<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n <em>Il int\u00c3\u00a8gre <a href=\"https:\/\/framalibre.org\/alternative-free-softwares\">un outil de recherche d&rsquo;\u00c3\u00a9quivalence<\/a> propri\u00c3\u00a9taire vs libre<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Une cl\u00c3\u00a9 USB avec des logiciels portables et\/ou live linux :<strong><a class=\"bleu\" href=\"https:\/\/framakey.org\/\"> Framakey<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Un distributeur de logiciels libres pour en faciliter l&rsquo;installation group\u00c3\u00a9e : <strong><a class=\"bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/framapack.org\/\">Framapack<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>NB : Pour les \u00c3\u00a9quivalences logiciels libres vs propri\u00c3\u00a9taires la voici<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Correspondance_entre_logiciels_libres_et_logiciels_propri\u00c3\u00a9taires\"> en une seule page<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un ensemble de services en ligne libres et respectueux de vos donn\u00c3\u00a9es personnelles : <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/framasoft.org\/#topPgCloud\">Framacloud<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>NB: Ces services sont propos\u00c3\u00a9s dans le cadre de la campagne \u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/degooglisons-internet.org\/\"><b class=\"violet\">D\u00c3\u00a9googlisons<\/b> <b class=\"orange\">Internet<\/b><\/a>\u00c2\u00a0\u00c2\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Et si on passait \u00c3\u00a0 Linux ?<\/h4>\n<p><em>Cette partie m\u00c3\u00a9riterait d&rsquo;\u00c3\u00aatre plus \u00c3\u00a9toff\u00c3\u00a9e, mais vu le contexte et le temps imparti, nous nous contenteront de ce que certains consid\u00c3\u00a9reront comme des raccourcis&#8230;.;-)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sur le choix de la distribution, il n&rsquo;y a pas d&rsquo;\u00c3\u00a9cole en la mati\u00c3\u00a8re<\/strong>,\u00c2\u00a0 sinon celle de se rappeler que linux est le fer de lance de <strong>la lutte contre l&rsquo;obsolescence programm\u00c3\u00a9e des ordinateurs<\/strong>\u00c2\u00a0 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si vous avez du mat\u00c3\u00a9riel r\u00c3\u00a9cent, donc pas de restriction mat\u00c3\u00a9rielle, c&rsquo;est la th\u00c3\u00a9matique de la distribution qui peut vous guider (ou alors votre entourage libriste)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Si votre mat\u00c3\u00a9riel n&rsquo;est pas de premi\u00c3\u00a8re jeunesse<\/strong>, linux peut vous aider \u00c3\u00a0 lui redonner du tonus avec <strong>certaines distributions\u00c2\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.de-bric-et-de-broc.fr\/que-faire-d-un-vieux-pc\/un-second-pc-de-travail-ou-de-secours\"> l\u00c3\u00a9g\u00c3\u00a8res<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/mavielinux.com\/2015\/06\/01\/les-meilleures-distributions-ultra-legeres\/\">ultra-l\u00c3\u00a8g\u00c3\u00a8res<\/a>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>NB : A d\u00c3\u00a9couvrir l<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liste_des_distributions_Linux\">e panorama complet de Wikip\u00c3\u00a9dia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pour ma part j&rsquo;utilise actuellement\u00c2\u00a0 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu-fr.org\">Ubuntu <\/a>(en particulier Xubuntu)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/linuxmint.com\">Linux Mint<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/emmabuntus.sourceforge.net\/blog\/a-propos\/\">Emmab\u00c3\u00bcntu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/logoslinux.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-13849\" src=\"http:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/logoslinux-590x214.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"214\" \/><\/a>Comment tester ou utiliser une distribution linux ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Je dirais qu&rsquo;il y a 3 niveaux :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Utiliser un \u00ab\u00a0live\u00a0\u00bb CD, DVD, Cl\u00c3\u00a9 USB<\/strong>\u00c2\u00a0 : Cela consiste \u00c3\u00a0 faire d\u00c3\u00a9marrer votre ordinateur sur un de ces 3 supports amovibles\u00c2\u00a0 (U<a href=\"http:\/\/www.numerama.com\/tech\/241369-linux-mode-demploi-comment-tester-et-installer-une-distribution-en-quelques-minutes.html\">n exemple avec une cl\u00c3\u00a9 usb<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u00a0Virtualiser\u00a0\u00bb (cr\u00c3\u00a9er un ordinateur virtuel) linux dans Windows<\/strong> avec un logiciel particulier par exemple VirtualBox . C&rsquo;est que je fais sur mon ordi pro. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ginjfo.com\/actualites\/logiciels\/linux\/ubuntu\/tester-linux-sans-engagement-et-facilement-cest-possible-explicaton-20160330\">Quelques explications<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>I<strong>nstaller Linux en double boot (amor\u00c3\u00a7age)<\/strong> sur votre ordinateur : Au d\u00c3\u00a9marrage vous avez le choix en Linux et Windows (<a href=\"https:\/\/doc.ubuntu-fr.org\/cohabitation_ubuntu_windows\">Pour mieux comprendre avec l&rsquo;exemple d&rsquo;Ubuntu<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Voil\u00c3\u00a0 je pense que l&rsquo;essentiel y est pour une base, \u00c3\u00a0 compl\u00c3\u00a9ter et discuter bien\u00c2\u00a0 s\u00c3\u00bbr ! ;-)\u00c2\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voici, comme \u00c3\u00a0 l&rsquo;accoutum\u00c3\u00a9e, les ressources que j&rsquo;ai s\u00c3\u00a9lectionn\u00c3\u00a9es et utilis\u00c3\u00a9es pour pr\u00c3\u00a9parer une s\u00c3\u00a9ance d&rsquo;animation autour de la d\u00c3\u00a9couverte des \u00ab\u00a0logiciels &amp; services libres et linux\u00a0\u00bb. J&rsquo;ai privil\u00c3\u00a9gi\u00c3\u00a9 les support graphiques et vid\u00c3\u00a9os&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[55,24],"class_list":["post-13800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-monde-du-libre","tag-linux","tag-logiciels-libres"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/logoslinux.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13800"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13866,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13800\/revisions\/13866"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guy.pastre.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}